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- #CARD:Israel:Header
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Header
-
-
- Affiliation:
- (also see separate Gaza Strip and West Bank entries)
- Note:
- The Arab territories occupied by Israel since the 1967 war are not included
- in the data below. As stated in the 1978 Camp David Accords and reaffirmed
- by President Bush's post-Gulf crisis peace initiative, the final status of
- the West Bank and Gaza Strip, their relationship with their neighbors, and a
- peace treaty between Israel and Jordan are to be negotiated among the
- concerned parties. The Camp David Accords further specify that these
- negotiations will resolve the location of the respective boundaries. Pending
- the completion of this process, it is US policy that the final status of the
- West Bank and Gaza Strip has yet to be determined (see West Bank and Gaza
- Strip entries). On 25 April 1982, Israel relinquished control of the Sinai
- to Egypt. Statistics for the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights are included in
- the Syria entry.
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Geography
- #IMAGE 49 66 TWPCX \maps\Israel.PCX
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK Click Here for MAP
- Israel
- Geography
-
-
- Location:
- Middle East, bordering the eastern Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and
- Lebanon
- Map references:
- Africa, Middle East, Standard Time Zones of the World
- Area:
- total area:
- 20,770 km2
- land area:
- 20,330 km2
- comparative area:
- slightly larger than New Jersey
- Land boundaries:
- total 1,006 km, Egypt 255 km, Gaza Strip 51 km, Jordan 238 km, Lebanon 79
- km, Syria 76 km, West Bank 307 km
- Coastline:
- 273 km
- Maritime claims:
- continental shelf:
- to depth of exploitation
- territorial sea:
- 12 nm
- International disputes:
- separated from Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank by the 1949 Armistice Line;
- differences with Jordan over the location of the 1949 Armistice Line that
- separates the two countries; West Bank and Gaza Strip are Israeli occupied
- with status to be determined; Golan Heights is Israeli occupied; Israeli
- troops in southern Lebanon since June 1982; water-sharing issues with Jordan
- Climate:
- temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas
- Terrain:
- Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift
- Valley
- Natural resources:
- copper, phosphates, bromide, potash, clay, sand, sulfur, asphalt, manganese,
- small amounts of natural gas and crude oil
- Land use:
- arable land:
- 17%
- permanent crops:
- 5%
- meadows and pastures:
- 40%
- forest and woodland:
- 6%
- other:
- 32%
- Irrigated land:
- 2,140 km2 (1989)
- Environment:
- sandstorms may occur during spring and summer; limited arable land and
- natural water resources pose serious constraints; deforestation
- Note:
- there are 175 Jewish settlements in the West Bank, 38 in the
- Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 18 in the Gaza Strip, and 14 Israeli-built
- Jewish neighborhoods in East Jerusalem
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:People
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- People
-
-
- Population:
- 4,918,946 (July 1993 est.)
- note:
- includes 102,000 Jewish settlers in the West Bank, 14,000 in the
- Israeli-occupied Golan Heights, 4,000 in the Gaza Strip, and 134,000 in East
- Jerusalem (1993 est.)
- Population growth rate:
- 3.08% (1993 est.)
- Birth rate:
- 20.72 births/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Death rate:
- 6.45 deaths/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Net migration rate:
- 16.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1993 est.)
- Infant mortality rate:
- 8.9 deaths/1,000 live births (1993 est.)
- Life expectancy at birth:
- total population:
- 77.77 years
- male:
- 75.72 years
- female:
- 79.93 years (1993 est.)
- Total fertility rate:
- 2.86 children born/woman (1993 est.)
- Nationality:
- noun:
- Israeli(s)
- adjective:
- Israeli
- Ethnic divisions:
- Jewish 83%, non-Jewish 17% (mostly Arab)
- Religions:
- Judaism 82%, Islam 14% (mostly Sunni Muslim), Christian 2%, Druze and other
- 2%
- Languages:
- Hebrew (official), Arabic used officially for Arab minority, English most
- commonly used foreign language
- Literacy:
- age 15 and over can read and write (1983)
- total population:
- 92%
- male:
- 95%
- female:
- 89%
- Labor force:
- 1.4 million (1984 est.)
- by occupation:
- public services 29.3%, industry, mining, and manufacturing 22.8%, commerce
- 12.8%, finance and business 9.5%, transport, storage, and communications
- 6.8%, construction and public works 6.5%, personal and other services 5.8%,
- agriculture, forestry, and fishing 5.5%, electricity and water 1.0% (1983)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Government
-
-
- Names:
- conventional long form:
- State of Israel
- conventional short form:
- Israel
- local long form:
- Medinat Yisra'el
- local short form:
- Yisra'el
- Digraph:
- IS
- Type:
- republic
- Capital:
- Jerusalem
- note:
- Israel proclaimed Jerusalem its capital in 1950, but the US, like nearly all
- other countries, maintains its Embassy in Tel Aviv
- Administrative divisions:
- 6 districts (mehozot, singular - mehoz); Central, Haifa, Jerusalem,
- Northern, Southern, Tel Aviv
- Independence:
- 14 May 1948 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
- Constitution:
- no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled
- by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the parliament
- (Knesset), and the Israeli citizenship law
- Legal system:
- mixture of English common law, British Mandate regulations, and, in personal
- matters, Jewish, Christian, and Muslim legal systems; in December 1985,
- Israel informed the UN Secretariat that it would no longer accept compulsory
- ICJ jurisdiction
- National holiday:
- Independence Day, 14 May 1948 (Israel declared independence on 14 May 1948,
- but the Jewish calendar is lunar and the holiday may occur in April or May)
- Political parties and leaders:
- members of the government:
- Labor Party, Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN; MERETZ, Minister of Education
- Shulamit ALONI; SHAS, Minister of Interior Arieh DERI
- opposition parties:
- Likud Party, Binyamin NETANYAHU; Tzomet, Rafael EITAN; National Religious
- Party, Zevulun HAMMER; United Torah Jewry, Avraham SHAPIRA; Democratic Front
- for Peace and Equality (Hadash), Hashim MAHAMID; Moledet, Rehavam ZEEVI;
- Arab Democratic Party, Abd al Wahab DARAWSHAH
- note:
- Israel currently has a coalition government comprising 3 parties that hold
- 62 seats of the Knesset's 120 seats
- Other political or pressure groups:
- Gush Emunim, Jewish nationalists advocating Jewish settlement on the West
- Bank and Gaza Strip; Peace Now, critical of government's West Bank/Gaza
- Strip and Lebanon policies
- Suffrage:
- 18 years of age; universal
- Elections:
- President:
- last held 24 March 1993 (next to be held NA March 1999); results - Ezer
- WEIZMAN elected by Knesset
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Government
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Government
- Knesset:
- last held June 1992 (next to be held by NA); results - percent of vote by
- party NA; seats - (120 total) Labor Party 44, Likud bloc 32, Meretz 12,
- Tzomet 8, National Religious Party 6, Shas 6, United Torah Jewry 4,
- Democratic Front for Peace and Equality 3, Moledet 3, Arab Democratic Party
- 2
- Executive branch:
- president, prime minister, vice prime minister, Cabinet
- Legislative branch:
- unicameral parliament (Knesset)
- Judicial branch:
- Supreme Court
- Leaders:
- Chief of State:
- President Ezer WEIZMAN (since 13 May 1993)
- Head of Government:
- Prime Minister Yitzhak RABIN (since July 1992)
- Member of:
- AG (observer), CCC, CERN (oberver), EBRD, ECE, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD,
- ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, IMO, INMARSAT, INTELSAT,
- INTERPOL, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO,
- UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
- Diplomatic representation in US:
- chief of mission:
- Ambassador Itamar RABINOVICH
- chancery:
- 3514 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
- telephone:
- (202) 364-5500
- consulates general:
- Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York,
- Philadelphia, and San Francisco
- US diplomatic representation:
- chief of mission:
- Acting Ambassador William BROWN
- embassy:
- 71 Hayarkon Street, Tel Aviv
- mailing address:
- APO AE 09830
- telephone:
- [972] (3) 654338
- FAX:
- [972] (3) 663449
- consulate general:
- Jerusalem
- Flag:
- white with a blue hexagram (six-pointed linear star) known as the Magen
- David (Shield of David) centered between two equal horizontal blue bands
- near the top and bottom edges of the flag
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Economy
-
-
- Overview:
- Israel has a market economy with substantial government participation. It
- depends on imports of crude oil, grains, raw materials, and military
- equipment. Despite limited natural resources, Israel has intensively
- developed its agricultural and industrial sectors over the past 20 years.
- Industry employs about 20% of Israeli workers, agriculture 5%, and services
- most of the rest. Diamonds, high-technology equipment, and agricultural
- products (fruits and vegetables) are leading exports. Israel usually posts
- balance-of-payments deficits, which are covered by large transfer payments
- from abroad and by foreign loans. Roughly half of the government's $17
- billion external debt is owed to the United States, which is its major
- source of economic and military aid. To earn needed foreign exchange, Israel
- has been targeting high-technology niches in international markets, such as
- medical scanning equipment. The influx of Jewish immigrants from the former
- USSR, which topped 400,000 during the period 1990-92, has increased
- unemployment, intensified housing problems, and widened the government
- budget deficit. At the same time, a considerable number of the immigrants
- bring to the economy valuable scientific and professional expertise.
- National product:
- GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $57.4 billion (1992 est.)
- National product real growth rate:
- 6.4% (1992 est.)
- National product per capita:
- $12,100 (1992 est.)
- Inflation rate (consumer prices):
- 10% (1992 est.)
- Unemployment rate:
- 11% (1992 est.)
- Budget:
- revenues $33.9 billion; expenditures $36.8 billion, including capital
- expenditures of $9.3 billion (FY93)
- Exports:
- $11.8 billion (f.o.b., 1992 est.)
- commodities:
- polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed
- foods, fertilizer and chemical products, military hardware, electronics
- partners:
- US, EC, Japan, Hong Kong, Switzerland
- Imports:
- $19.6 billion (c.i.f., 1992 est.)
- commodities:
- military equipment, rough diamonds, oil, chemicals, machinery, iron and
- steel, cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, aircraft
- partners:
- US, EC, Switzerland, Japan, South Africa, Canada, Hong Kong
- External debt:
- $25 billion of which government debt is $17 billion (December 1992 est.)
- Industrial production:
- growth rate 9.4% (1992 est.); accounts for about 20% of GDP
- Electricity:
- 5,835,000 kW capacity; 21,840 million kWh produced, 4,600 kWh per capita
- (1992)
- Industries:
- food processing, diamond cutting and polishing, textiles, clothing,
- chemicals, metal products, military equipment, transport equipment,
- electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, potash mining,
- high-technology electronics, tourism
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Economy
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Economy
- Agriculture:
- accounts for about 3% of GDP; largely self-sufficient in food production,
- except for grains; principal products - citrus and other fruits, vegetables,
- cotton; livestock products - beef, dairy, poultry
- Economic aid:
- US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-90), $18.2 billion; Western (non-US)
- countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $2.8 billion
- Currency:
- 1 new Israeli shekel (NIS) = 100 new agorot
- Exchange rates:
- new Israeli shekels (NIS) per US$1 - 2.8000 (December 1992), 2.4591 (1992),
- 2.2791 (1991), 2.0162 (1990), 1.9164 (1989), 1.5989 (1988), 1.5946 (1987)
- Fiscal year:
- calendar year (since 1 January 1992)
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Communications
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Communications
-
-
- Railroads:
- 600 km 1.435-meter gauge, single track; diesel operated
- Highways:
- 4,750 km; majority is bituminous surfaced
- Pipelines:
- crude oil 708 km; petroleum products 290 km; natural gas 89 km
- Ports:
- Ashdod, Haifa
- Merchant marine:
- 35 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 678,584 GRT/785,220 DWT; includes 8
- cargo, 24 container, 2 refrigerated cargo, 1 roll-on/roll-off; note - Israel
- also maintains a significant flag of convenience fleet, which is normally at
- least as large as the Israeli flag fleet; the Israeli flag of convenience
- fleet typically includes all of its oil tankers
- Airports:
- total:
- 53
- usable:
- 46
- with permanent-surface runways:
- 28
- with runways over 3,659 m:
- 0
- with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
- 7
- with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
- 12
- Telecommunications:
- most highly developed in the Middle East although not the largest; good
- system of coaxial cable and microwave radio relay; 1,800,000 telephones;
- broadcast stations - 14 AM, 21 FM, 20 TV; 3 submarine cables; satellite
- earth stations - 2 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT and 1 Indian Ocean INTELSAT
-
- #ENDCARD
- #CARD:Israel:Defense Forces
- THE WORLD FACTBOOK
- Israel
- Defense Forces
-
-
- Branches:
- Israel Defense Forces (including ground, naval, and air components)
- note:
- historically, there have been no separate Israeli military services
- Manpower availability:
- males age 15-49 1,240,757; females age 15-49 1,218,610; males fit for
- military service 1,018,212; females fit for military service 996,089; males
- reach military age (18) annually 46,131; females reach military age (18)
- annually 44,134 (1993 est.); both sexes are liable for military service
- Defense expenditures:
- exchange rate conversion - $12.5 billion, 18% of GDP (1993 est.)
-
- #ENDCARD
-